Ordinance No. 0301 (Word Version)

Section 1. Article three, of Ordinance No. 244 passed and adopted December 28, 1915, be and the same is hereby amended to read as follows, to wit:

Section I. Article III. All that portion of the City of Grand Junction embraced within the following described limits shall be known as the fire limits of the City of Grand Junction:

Beginning at the northwest corner of lot 18, in block 100 of the City of Grand Junction, thence east to the east side of Third street, thence north to the south side of Rood avenue, thence east to the east side of Fourth street, thence north to the south side of the alley in block 96 thence east to the east side of fifth street, thence south to the south side of Rood avenue, thence east to the west side of the alley running north and south in block 106, thence south to the north side of Colorado avenue thence west to the west side of Seventh street, thence south to the north side of Ute avenue, thence west to the west side of Third street, thence north to the north side of the alley in block 123, thence west to the northeast corner of lot 27, block 123, thence south to Pitkin avenue, thence west to the Denver and Rio Grand Railway right of way, thence in a northwesterly direction along said right of way to the south side of the alley in block 143, thence east to the northwest corner of lot 7 in block 143, thence north to the place of beginning.

Sec. 2 PERMIT REQUIRED. No wall, structure, building or part thereof, shall hereafter be built, enlarged or altered, until a plan of the proposed work, together with a statement of the materials to be used, shall have been submitted to the Chief of the Fire Department, who shall, if in accordance with provisions herein contained, issue a permit for the proposed construction.

Structures hereafter erected without permit, or not in conformity with this ordinance, shall be removed.

No building shall be moved until a permit has been obtained from the Chief of Fire Department; and such official shall not issue such permit if in his judgment the proposed new location of the building would seriously increase the fire hazard of the surrounding buildings.

Sec. 3. INCOMBUSTIBLE WALLS, CORNICES AND ROOFS REQUIRED WITHIN FIRE LIMITS. Every building hereafter erected or enlarged within the fire limits shall be enclosed on all sides with walls constructed wholly of stone, well burned brick, terra cotta, concrete or other equivalent incombustible materials, and shall have the roof, top and sides of all roof structures, including dormer windows, covered with incombustible material. All cornices shall be of incombustible material.

Sec. 4. WOODEN STRUCTURES WITHIN FIRE LIMITS. No frame or wooden structure shall hereafter be built within the fire limits as given herein or within the fire limits hereafter established.

No frame building shall be moved from without to within the fire limits, or moved from one location to another within the fire limits.

Sec. 5. REPAIRING FRAME BUILDINGS WITHIN FIRE LIMITS. Any existing frame building within the fire limits, which may hereafter be damaged by fire, decay or otherwise to an amount greater than one-half of its original physical value, exclusive of the foundation, shall not be removed.

Sec. 6. BUILDINGS HAVING PROHIBITED OCCUPANCIES WITHIN FIRE LIMITS. No building shall be used for a public garage, coffee roaster, bakery or dry cleaning establishment within the fire limits unless the walls and floors are of brick, stone, concrete or like incombustible construction.

Sec. 7. LIMITS OF HEIGHT AND AREA. Except as specified in Section 21, no building hereafter erected within the corporate limits, having walls or hollow terra cotta or concrete blocks, shall exceed three stories, or 40 feet in height, unless it be of fire-proof construction, when it shall not exceed ten stories or 125 feet.

The floor area between fire walls of non-fireproof buildings with more than one ground floor occupancy, shall not exceed the following: When fronting on one street, 7,500 square feet; when fronting on two streets, 10,000 square feet; and when fronting on three streets, 12,500 square feet. These area limits may be increased under the following conditions as indicated.

For non-fireproof buildings, fully equipped with approved automatic sprinklers, 50 per cent.

For fireproof buildings not exceeding 125 feet in height, fully equipped with approved automatic sprinklers, 100 per cent.

Sec. 8. WALLS, All exterior, or division walls of buildings hereafter erected shall be of sufficient thickness to support the load to be carried but in no case except dwellings, shall a brick, stone, concrete or hollow block wall be less than 12 inches thick.

Walls and piers of all buildings shall be properly and solidly bonded together with close joints, filled with mortar. They shall be carried up plumb and straight. The walls of each story shall be built up the full thickness to the top of the beams above.

Brick walls are to be 12 inches thick for the two upper stories, increasing 4 inches for each two stories below up to 24 inches.

Bldg.	Stn.	Brk.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1.....	20	16	12
2.....	20	16	12	12
3.....	24	20	16	12	12
4.....	24	20	16	16	12	12
5.....	28	24	20	16	16	12	12
6.....	28	24	20	20	16	16	12	12
7.....	32	28	24	20	20	16	16	12	12

The following table shows thickness of supporting walls as required by the above standard:

	Stn.	Brk.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1.....	24	20	16
2.....	24	20	16	16
3.....	28	24	20	16	16
4.....	28	24	20	20	16	16
5.....	32	28	24	20	20	16	16
6.....	32	28	24	24	20	20	16	16
7.....	36	32	28	24	24	20	20	16	16

Reinforced stone or gravel concrete walls, with the steel reinforcement running both horizontally and vertically and weighing not less than one-half pound per square foot of wall, may have a thickness 4 inches less than that prescribed for brick walls.

The foundation walls of all buildings over two stories in height shall be 4 inches thicker from footing to grade than required for the remainder of the wall.

All exterior and division or party walls on buildings less than 4 stories high shall extend the full thickness of the top story to at least 18 inches above the roof surfacing of a building as a parapet and be properly coped, excepting walls which face on a street and are finished with incombustible cornices, gutters, or crown mouldings, excepting also the walls of detached private dwellings with peaked or hipped roofs. The parapet walls of warehouses and all manufacturing or commercial buildings over three stories in height, shall extend 3 feet above the roof.

Fire walls shall be continuous from the foundation to 3 feet above roof level and be coped.

Dwelling and apartment houses may have exterior brick or stone walls, 4 inches less in thickness than specified in above tables.

Hollow blocks of terra cotta or concrete when used for bearing walls shall have not more than 50 per cent of cellular space. Portland cement only shall be used in the manufacture of concrete blocks. The coarse aggregate shall be of suitable material graded in size, but in no case shall the maximum dimension exceed one-half the minimum width of any section of the finished block. Concrete blocks shall not be used in construction until they have attained the age of 28 days, or developed the strength required in this section. All building blocks shall be laid in Portland cement mortar.

The compressive strength of building blocks shall in all cases be calculated upon gross area of the bedding faces no account being taken of the cellular spaces. The average ultimate compressive strength for terra cotta blocks laid with cells vertical shall be not less than 800 pounds per square inch. Concrete blocks shall be not more than 36 days old when tested. The average strength of the blocks as here given shall be obtained by testing ten blocks of average quality.

The allowable working stress of hollow building blocks shall not exceed 100 pounds per square inch of gross area for terra cotta blocks, or 75 pounds per square inch of gross area for concrete blocks. If a wall be built of blocks with the cells horizontal, the allowable working stress shall not exceed 30 pounds per square inch of gross area.

All walls and partitions in schools, hospitals and places of public assemblage, over one story high, and all walls and partitions in theaters, shall hereafter be built of brick, stone, hollow or solid blocks, or metal lath and Portland cement plaster on metal studding, or other equivalent incombustible construction.

Sec. 9. CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION. Concrete for reinforced concrete construction shall consist of a wet mixture of one part of Portland cement to not more than six parts of aggregate, fine and coarse, in such proportions as to produce the greatest density.

The quality of the materials, the design, and the construction, shall be in accordance with the best engineering practice.

Sec. 10. PROTECTION OF ENDS OF WOODEN BEAMS. The ends of all floor ceiling or roof beams, entering a part or fire wall from opposite sides, shall be separated by at least 8 inches of solid masonry. Such separation may be obtained by corbelling the wall, or staggering the beams, or the beams may be supported by steel wall hangers, but no wall shall be corbeled more than 2 inches for this purpose. The ends of all wooden beams which enter walls shall be cut to a bevel to make them self-releasing.

Sec. 11 PROTECTION OF WALL OPENINGS. No opening in an interior masonry wall shall exceed 8 feet by 10 feet. If the opening be in a party or fire wall it shall have a standard automatic fire door on each side of the wall. If an opening in a fire wall is made to serve as an emergency exit, it shall not exceed 48 square feet in area, and a self-closing fire door shall be substituted for one of the automatic fire doors. The total openings in a fire wall shall not exceed 25 per cent in lineal length of the wall.

Every building within the fire limits, except churches, dwellings, tenement houses, dormitories, and lodging houses shall have standard fire doors, shutters or wired glass in incombustible frames and sash on every exterior opening above the first story, except when fronting on a street not less than 35 feet wide, or where no other building is within 35 feet of such opening. The wall of a building in the same plane as that in which the opening is situated, shall not be considered as coming within the intent of this rule. All openings in the side and rear walls of the first story, except show windows shall be protected as prescribed in this section when within 35 feet of another building.

All windows more than 75 feet above the curb shall have incombustible frames and sash glazed with wired glass.

Occupants of buildings shall close all exterior and interior fire doors, shutters and windows at the close of business each day.

Sec. 12. STAIRWAY AND ELEVATOR SHAFTS. In all buildings hereafter erected, which are used above the first floor for business purposes or for public assemblage, or for any purpose whatever, if over three stories high, except private dwellings, the air shafts shall be separately and continuously enclosed by incombustible partitions. Elevator shafts in buildings hereafter erected shall be enclosed in the same manner. The partitions shall be constructed of brick or other fire-resisting material, approved by the Chief of the Fire Department or other designated official, and all mortar used in the construction shall be cement mortar. No such hollow partition shall be less than 6 inches thick, no brick partition less than 8 inches thick, and no solid partition less than 4 inches thick.

All door openings in stair and elevator enclosures shall be protected by fire doors mounted with wrought iron or steel hardware, and shall be securely attached to the wall or partition, or to substantial incombustible frames anchored thereto. If glass panel be used in such doors, they shall be of wired glass not exceed 720 square inches in area. Interior shaft windows shall not be permitted.

Doors opening into stairway shafts shall swing in the direction of exit travel, shall be self-closing and shall be at least 36 inches wide.

The enclosure walls for all elevator shafts shall extend at least 3 feet above the roof, and at least three-fourths of the area shall be covered with a skylight constructed as specified in section 13.

Sec. 13. SKYLIGHT OVER STAIRWAY AND ELEVATOR SHAFTS. Where a stairway, elevator, or dumbwaiter shaft extends through the roof and is covered by a skylight, the skylight shall be constructed with incombustible frame and sash, glazed with wired glass. Instead of a skylight, a window may be placed in the side of the shaft above the roof which is farthest removed from a property line. The window shall have incombustible frame sash, and be glazed with wired glass.

Sec. 14. FLOOR LIGHTS. Except in dwellings, all openings hereafter made in floors for the transmission of light to floors below shall be covered with glass set in metal frames and bars. The glass shall be not less than three-fourths inch in thickness, and if any glass measures more than 16 inches square there shall be a rigid wire mesh either in the glass or under it.

Sec. 15. LIGHT VENT AND DUMBWAITER SHAFTS. In every building hereafter erected or altered, except frame buildings, all walls or partitions forming interior light or vent shafts shall be built in accordance with the requirements for stair and elevator shafts in new buildings as specified in Section 12. The walls of dumbwaiter shafts, except those in dwellings which extend only one story above the basement or cellar, shall be of fire-resistive construction, and shall be not less than 3 inches thick if constructed of brick, hollow or solid partition blocks, or of steel studding and metal lath with 3-4 inch of Portland cement plaster on each side; or a 2-inch solid metal lath and Portland cement plaster wall may be permitted, if securely anchored at each floor. The material and method of construction to be as specified for stair and elevator shafts in existing buildings in Section 12.

In frame buildings outside the fire limits the enclosure partitions of all such shafts may be constructed as provided in Section 12 for stair and elevator shafts in existing buildings.

There the dumbwaiter shaft does not extend through the roof, the top of the shaft shall be of fire-resistive construction of the same thickness as the walls of the shaft.

All openings in dumbwaiter shafts shall be protected by fire doors mounted in incombustible frames securely anchored to the walls.

The walls of all light and vent shafts hereafter erected shall extend not less than 3 feet above the roof level, except that when a shaft is covered by an incombustible skylight the walls need not extend more than 2 feet above the roof. Masonry walls shall be properly coped.

When metal louvres are used for ventilating purposed, the louvres or slats shall be riveted to the metal frame.

Sec. 16. ROOF COVERING. Every building hereafter erected within the fire limits shall have an approved incombustible roof covering, and no existing wooden shingle roof, if damaged more than 25 per cent, shall be renewed or repaired with other than incombustible roof covering.

Section 17. ROOF OPENINGS. All openings in roofs for the admission of light or air, other than those provided for in Sections 13 and 15, shall have incombustible frames and sash glazed with wired glass; or ordinary glass may be used, if protected above and below by galvanized steel wire screens with a mesh not exceeding one inch and the wire not smaller than No. 12 gauge. The top screen shall be installed as specified in Section 13.

Sec. 18. EXITS REQUIRED. The term FLOOR AREA as used in this section shall mean the entire floor space between exterior walls and fire walls.

In every building hereafter erected, except in private dwellings, each floor area above the first shall be provided with at least two means of egress remote from each other, one of which shall be an enclosed stairway as provided by Section 12, or a doorway in a fire wall leading to another floor area separately provided with adequate stairs or other independent means of exit. Such doorway serving as an emergency exit in a fire wall shall be protected by an automatic and a self-closing fire door as specified in Section 11. No portion of any floor area shall be more than 100 feet from a place of egress. Elevators shall not be considered as a means of egress as specified in this Section.

Except in dwellings, no required stairway shall be less than 44 inches wide and the total width of exit doorways leading therefrom shall at least be equal to the total width of the stairways which they serve.

The total width of stairway, interior and exterior, provided for the occupancy of each floor and those above, shall be not less than 44 inches for the first 50 persons, and 12 inches for each additional 50 persons to be accommodated thereby. The stair treads shall be not less than nine and one-half inches wide, and the risers not more than seven and three-fourths inches high. Windows in such required stairways are prohibited.

Every school, hospital and theater, over one-story high, shall have at least two stairways constructed entirely of incombustible material, located remote from each other and continuous from grade line to the topmost story.

All exit doors in schools, hospitals, theaters and other places of public assemblage, shall open outward.

Sec. 19. FIRE STOPS. At each floor level in all buildings hereafter erected, all stud walls, partitions, furrings and spaces between joists where they rest on division walls or partitions, shall be fire-stopped with incombustible material in such a manner to completely cut off communication by fire through concealed spaces. Such fire stopping shall extend the full depth of the joists, and at least 4 inches above each floor level. Stair carriages shall be firestopped at least once in the middle portion of each run.

Sec. 20. AREAWAYS. All areaways shall be guarded with suitable railings, or be protected by incombustible covers or gratings, if gratings be used, they shall have a wire screen of not more than one-half inch mesh securely attached to the under side.

Sec. 21. FRAME BUILDINGS. No frame building hereafter erected or altered shall exceed two stories or 30 feet in height, except that private dwellings may be three stories or 40 feet high.

No frame building hereafter erected for any occupancy other than grain elevators, coal elevators and pockets, ice houses, exhibition buildings, and not over 40 feet in height, shall cover a ground area exceeding the following: One-story building 7,500 square feet, two-story building 5,000 square feet.

In no case shall a frame building be erected within three feet of the side or rear lot line, nor within 6 feet of another building, unless the space between the studs on such side be filled solidly with not less than 2 1/2 inches of brickwork or other equivalent incombustible material.

In rows of frame houses the dividing walls or partitions between houses shall be built of brick, terra cotta, concrete or other incombustible material; or they may be built with 4-inch studs, filled solidly with brickwork laid in mortar, or with other incombustible material. If lath be used on such partitions, it shall be metal lath. Such dividing walls and partitions shall rest on masonry partitions, shall rest on masonry walls and shall extend to under side of roof boards. A flush mortar joint shall be made between the roof boards and the partition. In rows of more than three houses every alternate division wall or partition shall be constructed of solid brickwork not less than 8 inches in thickness.

Buildings with wooden framework clad with sheet metal or veneered with brick, shall be classed as frame buildings.

Outside the fire limits, when any building is to be erected of brick, stone, hollow block, or concrete, that could under this ordinance be constructed of wood the Chief of the Fire Department or other designated official is hereby authorized and directed to allow reasonable modifications of this ordinance relating to brick buildings, in consideration of the use of incombustible material instead of wood. Such modifications, however, shall not permit variations from the requirements of Sections 12, 18 and 24 of this ordinance.

Sec. 22. CHIMNEYS AND FIREPLACES. Except as herein provided, all chimneys in every building hereafter erected, and all chimneys hereafter altered or rebuilt, shall be constructed of brick, stone or reinforced concrete. No masonry chimney shall have walls less than 4 inches thick.

No chimney shall be corbeled out more than 8 inches from a brick wall and such corbelling shall consist of at least five courses of brick.

Chimneys of all low-pressure boilers, or furnaces, also the smoke flues for baker's ovens, large cooking ranges, large laundry stoves, and all flues used for similar purposes, shall be at least 8 inches in thickness or lined continuously on the inside with well burned terra cotta or fire clay chimney tile set in Portland cement mortar. Size of chimneys shall not be less than 8 inches by 8 inches inside. All such chimneys shall be capped with terra cotta, stone, concrete, or cast iron.

The smoke flue of every high pressure steam boiler, and every appliance producing a corresponding temperature in a flue, if built of brick, stone, reinforced concrete or other approved masonry, shall have walls not less than 12 inches thick, and the inside 4 inches of such walls shall be fire brick, laid in fire mortar, for a distance of at least 25 feet from the point where the smoke connection of the boiler enters the flue.

All chimneys shall project at least three feet above the point of contact with a flat roof, or 2 feet above the ridge of a pitched roof.

No chimney in any building shall have wooden supports of any kind. Supports shall be incombustible, and shall rest upon the ground or the foundation.

All chimneys which are dangerous from any cause shall be repaired and made safe, or taken down.

Metal smoke stacks may be permitted for boilers, furnaces and similar apparatus, provided they have a clearance from all combustible material of not less than one-half the diameter of the stack, but not less than 9 inches. Where such stack passes through a roof, it shall be guarded by a galvanized iron ventilating thimble extending from at least 9 inches, below the under side of the ceiling or roof beams, to at least 9 inches above the roof, and the diameter of the ventilation thimble shall be not less than 36 inches greater than that of the smokestack. Metal smokestacks shall not be permitted to pass through floors.

The fireback of every fireplace hereafter erected shall be not less than 8 inches in thickness of solid brickwork, nor less than 12 inches of stone lined with firebrick. When a grate is set in a fireplace a lining of firebrick at least 2 inches in thickness shall be added to the fireback; or a lining of soapstone, tile, or cast iron may be used, if solidly backed with brick or concrete.

Sec. 23. WOODEN BEAMS SEPARATED FROM MASONRY CHIMNEYS. No wooden beams or joists shall be placed within two inches of the outside face of a chimney or flue, whether the same be for smoke, air, or any other purpose.

All spaces between the chimney and the wooden beams shall be solidly filled with mortar, mineral wool, or other incombustible material.

The header beam carrying the tail beams of a floor, and supporting the trimmer arch in front of a fireplace shall be not less than 20 inches from the chimney breast.

No wooden furring or studding shall be placed against any chimney; the plastering shall be directly on the masonry, or on metal lathing.

Woodwork fastened to plaster which is against the masonry of a chimney shall have a layer of asbestos board at least one-eighth inch thick placed between the woodwork and the plaster.

Sec. 24. SMOKE PIPES. No smoke pipe shall be within 9 inches of any woodwork, or any wooden lath and plaster partition or ceiling.

No smoke pipe shall pass through any floor, or combustible roof of any building.

Sec. 25. HOT AIR PIPES AND REGISTERS. All heater pipes from hot air furnaces where passing through combustible partitions, or floors, must be doubled tin pipes with at least 1-inch air space between them. Horizontal hot air pipes leading from furnace shall be not less than 6 inches from any woodwork, unless the woodwork be covered with loose fitting tin, or the pipe covered with at least half inch of corrugated asbestos, in which latter cases the distance from the woodwork may be reduced to not less than 3 inches.

No hot air pipe shall be placed in a wooden stud partition or any wooden enclosure unless it be at least 8 feet horizontal distance from the furnace. Hot air pipes contained in combustible partitions shall be placed inside another pipe arranged to maintain half inch air space between the two on all sides, or be securely covered with half inch of corrugated asbestos. Neither the outer pipe or the covering shall be within 1 inch of wooden studding, and no wooden lath shall be used to cover the portion of the partition in which the hot air pipe is located.

Hot air pipes in closets shall be double with a space of at least 1 inch between them on all sides.

Every hot air furnace shall have at least one register without valve or louvers.

A register located over a brick furnace shall be supported by a brick shaft built up from the cover of the hot air chamber; and draft shall be lined with a metal pipe, and no woodwork shall be within 3 inches of the outer face of the shaft.

A register box placed in the floor over a portable furnace shall have an open space around it of not less than 4 inches on all sides, and be supported by an incombustible border.

Hot air registers placed in any woodwork or combustible floors shall be surrounded with borders of incombustible material, not less than 2 inches wide, securely set in place.

The register boxes shall be of metal, and be double; the distance between the two shall be not less than 1 inch; or they may be single if covered with asbestos not less than one-eighth inch in thickness, and if all woodwork within 2 inches be covered with tin.

Sec. 26. STEAM AND HOT WATER PIPES. No steam or hot water pipe shall be within 1 inch of any woodwork. Every steam or hot water pipe passing through combustible floors, or ceilings, or wooden lath and plaster partitions, shall be protected by a metal tube 1 inch larger in diameter than the pipe and be provided with a metal cap.

All wooden boxes, or casings enclosing steam or hot water heating pipes, or wooden covers to recesses in walls in which steam or hot water heating pipes are placed, shall be lined with metal.

Sec. 27. DRY ROOMS. No combustible material shall be permitted in the construction of any dry room hereafter erected, in which a temperature of 125 degrees Fahrenheit or over may exist. If a temperature under 125 degrees Fahrenheit is to be used, the dry room may be constructed of wood, but it shall be lined throughout with one-eighth inch asbestos, covered with sheet metal.

If windows are placed in walls or ceilings of dry rooms they shall be of wired glass set in fixer incombustible sash and frames.

Sec. 28. STOVES AND RANGES. No kitchen range or stove in any building shall be placed less than 3 feet from any woodwork or wooden lath and plaster partition, unless the woodwork or partition is properly protected by metal shields; in which case the distance shall be not less than 18 inches. Metal shields shall be loosely attached, thus preserving an air space behind them.

Hotel and restaurant ranges shall be provided with a metal hood, placed at least 9 inches below any wooden lath and plaster or wooden ceiling, and have an individual pipe outlet connected with a good brick flue. The pipe shall be protected by at least 1 inch of asbestos covering, or its equivalent, where placed within 12 inches of any combustible material.

Combustible floors under coal ranges and similar appliances without legs such as mentioned in Section 29 in which hot fires are maintained shall be protected by a sheet of meta, or a one-eighth inch layer of asbestos building lumber, which shall be covered with not less than 4 inches of masonry set in cement mortar. Such masonry may consist of one course of 4-inch hollow terra cotta, or of two courses of brick or terra cotta, at least one of which shall be hollow and be laid to preserve a free circulation of air throughout the whole course.

Concrete may be substituted for a course of solid brick if desired. The masonry work shall be covered by sheet metal of not less than No. 26 gauge so arranged as not to obstruct the ventilating passages beneath. Such hearths shall extend at least 24 inches in front and 12 inches on the sides and back of the range or similar heating appliance.

All coal stoves or ranges, with legs, shall be set on incombustible material which shall extend at least 12 inches in front.

Sec. 29. HEATING FURNACES AND APPLIANCES. Any woodwork, wooden lath and plaster partition or ceiling within 4 feet of the sides or back, or 6 feet from the front of any heating boiler, furnace, bakery oven, coffee roaster, fire heated candy kettle, laundry stove or other similar appliance shall be covered with metal to a height of at least 4 feet above the floor. This covering shall extend to the full length of the boiler, furnace, or heating appliance, and to at least 5 feet in front of it. Metal shields shall be loosely attached, thus preserving an air space behind them. In no case shall such combustible construction be permitted within 2 feet of the sides or back of the heating appliance, or 5 feet in front of same.

No furnace, boiler, range, or other heating appliance, shall be placed against a wall furred with wood.

Heating boilers shall be encased on sides and top by an incombustible protective covering, not less than 1 1/2 inches thick.

Sec. 30. OPEN FLAME HEATING DEVICES. All gas, gasoline, oil, or charcoal burning stoves or heating devices, shall be placed on iron stands at least 6 inches above combustible supports, unless the burners are at least 5 inches above the base with metal guard plates 4 inches below the burners.

No open flame heating or lighting device shall be used in any room where gasoline or other volatile fluids are stored or handled.

Sec. 31. GAS CONNECTIONS. Gas connections to stoves and similar heating devices shall be made by rigid metal pipes. For small portable gas heating devices, flexible metal or rubber tubing may be used when there is no valve or other shutoff on the device.

Sec. 32. VENT FLUES. Vent flues or ducts, for the removal of foul or vitiated air, in which the temperature of the air cannot exceed that of the rooms, shall be constructed of metal or other incombustible material, and shall not be placed nearer than 1 inch to any woodwork, and no such flue shall be used for any other purpose.

Sec. 33. SAFETY OF DESIGN. All parts of every building shall be designed to safely carry the loads to be imposed thereon, and shall in all other respects conform to good engineering practice.

Sec. 34. DUTIES OF ENFORCING OFFICER. The Chief of the Fire Department or other designated official is hereby authorized and empowered.

First: To enforce all ordinances relating to the construction, equipment, management and condition of all property within the corporate limits of the City of Grand Junction.

Third: To report monthly to the Mayor or City Council regarding the condition of the city on all matters pertaining to fire prevention.

Sec. 35. PENALTY FOR VIOLATIONS. Any and all persons who shall violate any of the provisions of Sections 1 to 35, inclusive of this ordinance or fail to comply therewith, or who shall violate or fail to comply with an order or regulation made thereunder, or who shall build in violation of any detailed statement of specifications or plans submitted and approved thereunder, or any certificate or permit issued thereunder, shall severally for each and every such violation and noncompliance respectively forfeit and pay a penalty in the sum of twenty-five dollars. The imposition of one penalty for any violation of this ordinance shall not excuse the violation, or permit it to continue; and all such persons shall be required to correct or remedy such violations or defects within a reasonable time; and when not otherwise specified, each ten days that prohibited conditions are maintained shall constitute a separate offense.

The application of the above penalty shall not be held to prevent the enforced removal of prohibited conditions, as provided in Section 2 of this ordinance.

Sec. 36. The Chief of the Fire Department shall be ex-officio City electrician. The City electrician shall have authority, with the consent of the City Council to employ such assistance as may be necessary for the proper care of the inspection work of the Department.

Sec. 37. The City electrician is hereby authorized, empowered and directed to have general supervision over the arranging, supporting and stringing of all electric light, power, signal or other wires and the location and general construction of all poles, lines and electric appliances, so as to prevent fire, accident or injury to persons or property. Further, it shall be the duty of the City electrician to cause all such lines and equipment to be maintained, insulated and guarded as not to endanger life or property, and all such lines and equipment now existing as well as those hereafter constructed or placed shall be subject to such supervision. All electric lines hereafter constructed shall be in accordance with the rules and standards of the National Electrical Safety Code No. 54. Plans for proposed construction must be submitted to the City electrician for approval before the work is started, in such cases as are deemed necessary by him.

Sec. 38. The City electrician shall be deemed the judge as to the proper interpretation of the rules and requirements of this ordinance pertaining to electrical construction and is hereby authorized to make such additional rules and regulations as may be deemed necessary for the proper protection of life and property. Such additional rules and regulations shall be made in writing and submitted to the City Council for approval. All licensed electrical contractors in the City of Grand Junction, Colorado, shall be furnished with copy of same after approval of City Council.

Further provided that said City electrician shall not be permitted to in any way modify the rules and regulations adopted by or incorporated in this ordinance.

Sec. 39. Every company, firm, copartnership, corporation or individual owning or controlling electrical wires and apparatus for the transmission of light, heat or power, shall in time of fire or case of severe storm, wherein lives or property of the citizens of the City of Grand Junction, Colorado, may be endangered by the operation of such wires and apparatus, upon the request of the Mayor of the Chief of the Fire Department, disconnect such wires as are designated by said officials; such company, firms, corporations, or individuals neglecting to comply with such request shall be fined the sum of not less than fifty ($50.00) dollars or more than one hundred ($100.00) dollars for each and every hour said request is not complied with.

Sec. 40. It shall be the duty of the City electrician to inspect all electrical wiring and apparatus in the City of Grand Junction, Colorado, as often as may be deemed necessary to ascertain whether such electrical wiring or apparatus is in any respect dangerous to life or property, and if any part of said electrical wiring or apparatus shall be found to be in a defective or dangerous condition, the City electrician shall notify, in writing, the owner of such wiring or equipment to have the defects corrected within such time as the City electrician may deem necessary. If the owner of said defective wiring or equipment shall refuse or fail to comply with the requirements of the City electrician and correct all defects as directed, within the specified time, it shall be the duty of the City electrician to notify the service company, firm or individual, furnishing the electric current to such defective wiring or equipment, to cease to supply electric current to same.

Upon the receipt of such notice the service company, firm or individual furnishing electric current to such defective wiring or equipment, shall immediately disconnect the service or feed wires as directed by the City electrician and cease to supply current to the defective installation until notified in writing by the City electrician that the defects have been corrected in a satisfactory manner.

Sec. 41. That all companies, firms, corporations or individuals engaged in the business of, or who desire to, install electrical wires or appliances inside of or on any building or buildings within the corporate limits of the City of Grand Junction, Colorado (except central stations, power houses, sub-stations or car barns) for the purpose of transmitting or utilizing electrical current for light, heat or power, house annunciators, burglar alarms, electric bells, electric signal systems, private telephone, telegraph or messenger call system, lighting fixtures or installing electrical apparatus of any nature, kind or description, shall first procure from the City electrician a grant for a license, except public telephone, telegraph and messenger call companies, operating under the regular franchise granted by the City of Grand Junction, Colorado, may have the right to install their own apparatus.

Provided, further, that before such license shall be granted said company, firm, corporation or individual, there shall be paid to the City Clerk the sum of twenty-five dollars, which shall be the annual fee for said license. Be it further provided, that such wiring license shall not be granted to any one not competent (in the judgment of the City electrician) to properly install electric wiring and apparatus in accordance with the rules and requirements of this ordinance.

Said company, firm, corporation or individual shall also furnish a good and sufficient bond in the sum of one thousand (1,000.00) dollars as a guarantee that all electric work installed by said company, firm, corporation, or individual shall be in accordance with requirements of this ordinance.

Sec. 42. Any person, firm or corporation engaged in the business of electrical construction and of the installation of wiring and apparatus for electric light, heat or power, in the City of Grand Junction, Colorado, who shall fail to promptly correct any defect or defects in his work, after having been duly notified by the City electrician, shall not receive any further permits until such defect or defects have been corrected and any case in which any person shall continue to or persistently violate the ordinance of the City in regard to electrical affairs or the order of the City electrician touching same, shall be subject to fine and further permit shall not be granted to such person, firm or corporation until they have complied with all of the rules and provisions of this ordinance to the satisfaction of the City electrician.

Sec. 43. That all companies, firms, co-partnerships, corporations, or individuals licensed to do electric wiring in or on any building or buildings within the corporate limits of Grand Junction, Colorado, shall procure a wiring permit from the City electrician for each and every installation. The term "electric wiring" herein used is intended to mean the installation of electric wires, fixtures, appliances or apparatus used or to be used for the purpose of transmitting, regulating, controlling, or utilizing electrical current for light, heat or power.

In order to procure a permit for the installation of electric wiring, the corporations or individuals shall, before beginning any electrical work, or any additions made to old wiring, make written application to the City electrician on forms furnished for this purpose.

Sec. 45. It shall be unlawful for any owners, contractors or workmen, not licensed to do electric wiring, to in any manner interfere with any electric wiring in or on any building in any manner whatsoever. If in any case the wiring is in such a position to interfere with the completion of the building as called for by the plans, the wiring contractor must be notified to have it changed. No wood or metal work is to be placed within one inch of any unprotected electrical conductor. On inspecting the electric wiring of any building, the City electrician, or his qualified representative, shall leave a notice in the form of a tag or label attached to or near service cabinet. This notice shall clearly state whether the wiring is approved or is to be kept open for correction, and no workman shall lath, cell or in any manner conceal any electrical wiring until they know positively that it has been approved. The City electrician must in all cases inspect, or cause to be inspected, by a qualified representative, any electric wiring within the corporate limits of the City of Grand Junction, Colorado, within forty-eight hours of the receipt of notice from the electric wiring contractor that the work is completed (holidays and Sundays not included in this time.) All steam fitting, furnace work, gas fitting and telephone wiring which is to be concealed must be installed before the electric wiring is completed and no wiring will be considered as complete until the above work referred to is in place.

Sec. 46. On the completion of the work covered, by a permit in accordance with the rules of the Ordinance and to the satisfaction of the City electrician, said City electrician shall issue a certificate of inspection. In this certificate the City electrician shall certify that the work is in accordance with the rules governing the respective class to which it belongs, as specified by this ordinance. Whenever a permit is issued for an addition to the old work, which does not conform to the rules as laid down in this ordinance and upon the satisfactory completion of the addition, the City electrician shall issue a statement that the new work complied with the rules, but that a certificate cannot be issued owing to its connection with the old work, which does not comply with the rules.

Sec. 47. No alteration or change shall be made in the electric wiring of any building, nor shall any building be wired for lights, motors or heating devices, or any other electrical apparatus be installed without first securing from the City electrician a written permit thereof as provided by this ordinance. When any alterations or changes are made in the wiring of any building or any new wires or electrical apparatus are installed, it shall be the duty of the company, firm, corporation or individual doing or having such work done, to notify in writing the City electrician immediately after the completion of said work that the work is ready to inspect.

On business blocks, hotels, apartment houses, an inspection will be made of different sections of the work at the discretion of the inspection department in order not to delay the other work in connection with the construction of the building. Proper convenience, such as ladders, must be provided inspector, on work to be inspected, by firm, corporation or individual desiring inspection.

Sec. 48. That it shall be unlawful for any electric service company to make connection to any electrical installation, or supply current to same until a certificate of approval has been issued by the City electrician. Provided further, that if at any time any electrical installation of any portion of same is found by the City electrician to be in an unsafe or defective condition, the electric service company shall, upon written notice from City electrician, disconnect from such installation or portion thereof, as directed by said City electrician, and cease to furnish electric current to same until permission for re-connection in writing is granted by City electrician.

When the service has been discontinued on any electrical installation or part of same, for any reason whatsoever and such wiring or apparatus appears to be in a dangerous or defective condition, the service company shall not be required to again connect or supply current for same until notified by City electrician that the installation is in a safe and secure condition.

Sec. 49. That the electrical contractor applying for wiring permit shall be required to furnish such plans and specifications for proposed work as may be deemed necessary by the City electrician before any permit for same shall be issued.

Sec. 50. That all electric wiring hereafter installed, including additions, extensions or changes to existing wiring used for transmission of current for light, heat or power, in or on all buildings located within the fire limits of the City of Grand Junction, Colorado, shall be installed in approved steel conduit or metal moulding. All electric services hereafter installed for buildings located either within or outside fire limits and within the corporate limits of the City of Junction, Colorado, shall be in approved steel conduit, equipped at outer end with an approved services or condulet fitting, and run continuously without outlet or junction box, into a service cabinet of approved steel construction, with Underwriters' label of approval attached thereto. Said cabinet shall be located inside the walls of building on grade floor near rear entrance to building (when practicable) and in the nearest accessible place to the point where the wires enter building, but in no case over ten (10) feet from point of entrance without special permission in writing from City electrician.

Cabinet shall be so arranged that handle of service switch located therein shall not be over seven (7) feet above a permanent floor. Conduit and cabinet to be securely bonded and grounded, but in no case shall the conduit system be used to ground secondary system. Conductors for all underground services and all conductors in or beneath basement floors will be considered as subject to moisture and must be lead sheathed. Approved service cabinets of the sealable type with projecting lever for operating service switch, will be required when desired by the service company, providing said company agrees to pay the electrical contractor for any additional expense entailed in the providing and installation of such devices in excess of the cost of the ordinary type service device and cabinet.

Sec. 51. That all meter loops shall be run in steel conduit and equipped with approved outlet boxes or condulet fittings with covers arranged with separate porcelain bushed holes for each wire.

Where surface type cabinets are used and meters located in close proximity to same meter loops may be run directly from cabinet to meter, each wire to be run separately through side of cabinet and protected with the approved porcelain bushings, designed for such purposes.

Sec. 52. For general lighting inside buildings with concealed conduit or knob and tube work, not over eight (8) light outlets will be permitted on any one (1) circuit, and with exposed conduit or metal moulding work not over eleven (11) outlets will be permitted on any one (1) circuit. Each and every lamp socket or receptacle will be assumed as using not less than a sixty (60) watt lamp and there shall not be over eleven (11) sockets or receptacles on any one circuit excepting as where permitted under special rules.

Sec. 53. That for all electric motor installations the capacity of conductors shall not be less and the size of fuses shall not be greater than provided for in the following tables. Services and mains for alternating current systems feeding a group of two or more motors must have a safe carrying capacity (see Rule 18, Table A, National Electrical Code) twenty-five per cent in excess of the total normal current ratting of all motors attached thereto, but in no case less than specified for largest motor of the group.

All electric motors shall be installed and maintained in strict accordance with the tables, rules and requirements, as specified in Electrical Bulletin No. 2, issued by the Rocky Mountain Fire Underwriters' Association, and dated January, 1914. A copy of said bulletin to be kept on file at City electrician's office.

Sec. 54. All electrical construction, all material and all appliances used in connection with electrical work and the operation and arrangement of all electrical apparatus, shall be in conformity with the rules and regulations set down in the current issue of what is known as the "National Electrical Code," as the same is now established, and said rules and regulations are hereby approved.

Sec. 55. This ordinance shall not be constructed to relieve from or lessen the responsibility of any person or persons, co-partnerships or corporation owning, operating or installing any electrical wires, appliances, apparatus, construction or equipment for the damage to anyone injured by any defect therein; nor shall the city or any agent thereof, be held as assuming any such liability by reason of the inspection authorized herein, on the certificate of inspection issued by the City electrician.

Sec. 56. Any person firm or corporation who shall violate any of the provisions of Sections 36 to 56, inclusive, of this Ordinance, for which a penalty is not herein otherwise provided, and any occupant or owner of premises where electric wiring or apparatus is used or to be used, who shall refuse to allow or shall prevent or interfere with the City electrician or assistants in the discharge of their duties under this Ordinance, he or they shall, upon conviction for each offense, forfeit and pay a fine of not less than ten ($10) dollars nor more than one hundred ($100) dollars, and each and every day's continuance of any violation of the provisions of this Ordinance, shall constitute and be deemed a separate offense.

Sec. 57. Sections 57 to 76, inclusive of this Ordinance shall apply to all new plants, stores, equipments and installations and, except as otherwise specified, to existing plants, stores, equipment, installations, and other conditions which constitute a distinct hazard to adjoining in property, insofar as the intent of the section can be reasonably fulfilled. All persons and business not specifically named in this Ordinance, Storing, handling or using inflammable liquids shall be governed by this ordinance where it is applicable to that storing, handling or using.

Sec. 58. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation either as principal or agent to keep or have in excess of 5 gallons of gasoline, naptha or other inflammable liquids on any premises within the corporate limits of the City of Grand Junction, without first obtaining a permit from the Chief of the Fire Department, except as hereafter provided. The fee for permit to install any tank, pump or apparatus for the storage or handling of gasoline or other inflammable liquids shall be five dollars ($5.00) for each permit.

Sec. 59. All applications for permits to sell or store inflammable liquids must be made in writing to the Chief of the Fire Department on special printed forms and accompanied with required fee as provided in Section 58. The Chief of the Fire Department shall forthwith make an inspection of the premises proposed to be used for such sale or storage, and the means of distribution, and if the conditions, surroundings and arrangements are such that the intent of this ordinance can be observed, then he shall issue a permit for the installation of the system or equipment, subject to his final inspection.

Sec. 60. Before any installation is covered from sight, a notification in writing shall be given the Chief of the Fire Department who shall within 48 hours after the receipt of such notification inspect the installation and give his written approval or disapproval. Upon failure of the Chief of the Fire Department to inspect within the specified time, the installation may be covered but shall be subject to inspection by the Chief of the Fire Department at the expense of the City.

Sec. 61. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation either as principal or agent to have or keep more than five gallons of gasoline, naptha or other inflammable liquids on his premises at any one time unless same is contained in an approved underground storage tank constructed, installed and maintained in accordance with the following rules and requirements. All such tanks and pumps used in connection therewith shall be constructed under the supervision of the Underwriters' Laboratories, or other authorized concern, and each tank and pump shall bear their label of approval showing that the device has been tested and approved.

Sec. 62. The drawing of gasoline or other inflammable liquids from tank cars shall not be permitted at any location where such tank cars are within fifty 50) feet of any building or where in the judgment of the Chief of the Fire Department such operation would be unsafe to life or property. The piping, pumps or other equipment used for emptying of such tank cars must be of sufficient size and so arranged to permit the emptying or withdrawing of the gasoline or other inflammable liquids within a period of twelve hours. The person or firm to whom such tank cars are consigned will be required to complete the emptying of same within a period of twenty four (24) hours from the time the tank car is placed in position for unloading.

Sec. 63. This ordinance shall not be construed as applying to gasoline contained in the reservoir of motor vehicles and not to exceed one (1) gallon in approved measuring pumps used for filling purposes or to portable wheeled tanks for use in garages when not exceeding sixty gallon capacity, and when constructed and used in accordance with requirements of Section 72 of this Ordinance.

Sec. 64. By special permission granted by the City Council, above ground storage tanks may be permitted in sparsely built up sections of the city if located entirely outside of the mercantile and other congested districts and at least 300 feet to line of adjoining property which may be built upon.

Sec. 65. This Ordinance shall not be construed as applying to gasoline, naptha, or other inflammable liquids while contained in washers used in connection with dry cleaning establishments when located outside the fire limits of the City of Grand Junction as now established or hereafter extended, or when inside said fire limits providing the building used for dry cleaning purposes is constructed wholly of non-combustible material, not used for other occupancy and located at least 10 feet from other buildings and a public thoroughfare.

Sec. 66. Tanks must be constructed of galvanized steel, basic openhearth steel or wrought iron of a minimum gauge depending upon the capacity as indicated by the following table:

Tanks constructed of No. 12 and 14 gauge metal must be well galvanized; tanks constructed of No. 7 gauge or heavier metal must be galvanized or thoroughly coated on the outside with tar, asphatum or other suitable rust resisting material.

Sec. 67. Tanks shall have top of tank at least three feet below the level of the lowest pipe in the building to be supplied. Tanks may be permitted underneath a building if buried at least three feet below the lowest floor. Tanks shall be set on a firm foundation and surrounded with soft earth or sand, well tamped into place, or encased in concrete. Tank may have a test well, provided test well extends to near bottom of tank, and top end shall be hermetically sealed and locked except when necessarily open. When tank is located underneath a building the test well shall extent to near bottom of tank, and top end shall be hermetically sealed and locked except when necessarily open. When tank is located underneath a building the test well shall extend at least twelve feet above source of supply. The maximum limit of storage permitted shall be 10,500 gallons, and shall depend upon the location of tanks with respect to the building to be supplied and adjacent buildings and property as follows:

(a) 10,500 gallons total capacity if over 30 feet from any property line, and if lower than any floor, basement, cellar or pit in any building within a thirty-foot radius.

(b) 4,000 gallons tatal capacity if over 20 feet from any property line, and if lower than any floor, basement, cellar or pit in any building within a twenty-foot radius.

(c) 1,100 gallons total capacity if over 10 feet from any property line, and if lower than any floor, basement, cellar or pit in any building within a ten-foot radius.

(d) 560 gallons if within 10 feet of any property line, and if not lower than every floor, basement, cellar or pit in any building within 10 feet, in which case it must be entirely encased in six inches of concrete.

The above provisions and requirements shall be construed as prohibiting the installation of any storage tanks in the public streets, avenues or alleys of the City of Grand Junction except by special permission of the City Council.

Sec. 68. All underground storage systems which may contain inflammable gases shall have at least a 1-inch vent pipe, run from top of tank to a point outside of the building and acceptable to the Chief of the Fire Department, but which shall end at least 12 feet above level of source of supply and in a location remote from fire escapes and never nearer than three feet, measured horizontally and vertically, from any window or other opening; the tank vent pipe shall terminate in a gooseneck protected in the outer end by a 30 x 30 mesh or equivalent brass wire screen. The vent pipes from two or more tanks may be connected to one upright, provided they be connected at a point at least one foot above level of source of supply.

Sec. 69. The end of filling pipe for all underground storage tanks shall be carried to an approved location outside of any building, but not within 5 feet of any entrance door, or cellar opening, and shall be set in an approved metal box with cover which shall be closed by a screw cap. A 30 x 30 mesh or equivalent brass screen strainer shall be placed in the supply end of filling pipe. The piping of gasoline or other inflammable liquids in the streets or alleys of the City of Grand Junction for any distance exceeding fifty (50) feet shall not be permitted excepting in outlying districts where such piping can be properly buried below frost line., kept clear of other piping and sewers and where in the judgment of the Chief of the Fire Department such piping can be properly maintained and would in no way create a hazard to life and property.

Sec. 70. In all rooms or parts of buildings which contain inflammable liquids in open containers or in which the vapors from inflammable liquids are present, or in which inflammable liquids are used in any manufacturing process, the carrying of matches is prohibited, and smoking shall be a misdemeanor. Suitable signs lettered SMOKING PROHIBITED BY ORDER OF THE CITY OF GRAND JUNCTION, shall be displayed.

Sec. 71. It is hereby expressly prohibited to open or fill any gasoline tank of an automobile or motorcycle while the engine or motor is running. No inflammable liquids shall be drawn or handled in the presence of open flame or fire, but may be drawn and handled when lighting is by incandescent electric lamps installed in compliance with the rules and regulations of the "National Electrical Code," said rules and regulations are hereby made a part of the requirements of this Ordinance as affecting all electrical equipment.

Sec. 72. No portable wheeled tank for the handling of inflammable liquids inside buildings shall exceed sixty gallons capacity. Tank must be of iron or steels, 3-16-inch thick, with all openings at the top and screened with 30 x 30 mesh or equivalent, brass wire screen, Wheels must be rubber tired and tanks so hung as not to be tipped over in ordinary usage. Liquids must be drawn from tank by means of a tight fitting pump, and the device must bear the Underwriters' laboratories label of approval.

Sec. 73. The handling or storing of any inflammable liquid within dangerous proximity to open flame or fire is expressly prohibited.

Sec. 74. All tank wagons, and wagons containing tank with faucets, when used for distribution of inflammable liquids, shall be of substantial workmanslike construction and shall be subject to the approval of the Chief of the Fire Department, who shall inspect and keep a record of such wagons or vehicles, which shall be plainly marked with their record number. All faucets connected to such tank wagons shall be kept locked or have handle removed when not in actual use, such handle to be so constructed that it may not be removed except when the faucet is tightly closed, and all measures and faucets shall be covered or otherwise protected.

Sec. 75. Any and all persons, firms or corporations who shall violate any of the provisions of Sections 57 to 75, inclusive, of this Ordinance or fail to comply therewith, or who shall violate, or fail to comply with any order or regulation made thereunder within ten days, or who shall build in violation of any detailed statement of specifications or plans, submitted and approved thereunder or any certificate or permit issued thereunder, shall severally for each and every such violation and non-compliance, respectively, forfeit and pay a penalty in the sum of twenty-five ($25.00) dollars, each day constituting a separate offense. The imposition of one penalty for any violation of this Ordinance shall not excuse the violation or permit it to continue, and all such persons shall be required to correct or remedy such violation or defects within a reasonable time.

Sec. 76. All former Ordinances or parts thereof, inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed.

I hereby certify, that the foregoing ordinance, entitled, "A Building Ordinance and also Concerning the Storage and Handling of Gasoline," was introduced, read and ordered published at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Grand Junction, Colorado, held on the 26th day of July A. D. 1921, and that the same was published in full in The Daily Sentinel, a daily paper published and in general circulation in said city, at least 10 days before its passage.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the official seal of said city, this 29th day of July A. D. 1921.